Stability of the Market Economy Classical/Neoclassical View The economy is inherently stable. Any instability is a temporary phenomenon as the market (forces of demand and supply) has strong self-correcting tendencies which make it stable. For example, this is highlighted by: The market for … [Continue reading] about The Stability (and Instability) of the Market Economy
A Goldilocks economy is an ideal economic state where every thing is economic stability. There is optimal growth, low inflation, full employment, balanced saving and spending. In such an economy, there is no risk of high inflation or recession. In … [Continue reading] about Goldilocks Economy Explained
What is an organisation? An 'organisation' is a group of individuals working together to achieve one or more objectives. Although organisations have been defined differently by different theorists, virtually all definitions refer to five common … [Continue reading] about What is Organization?
Financial statements are important documents that provide a summary of a company's financial performance and position, it enables stakeholders to evaluate profitability, solvency, liquidity, and overall financial health of the company. The three … [Continue reading] about Financial Statements: Types and How to Interpret
Market structure refers to how a market is setup, its organizational characteristics and the level of competition within the market. Market structure influences pricing, product differentiation, and other market dynamics. Perfect Competition In a … [Continue reading] about Types of Market Structures Explained
The learning outcomes for Economics are very broad and require us to take a critical perspective on economics. Thus, we cannot simply go through the typical introduction to economics topics such as the supply/demand model, perfect competition, … [Continue reading] about Measures of Economic Activity and Wellbeing
Economics is about making efficient use of scare resources. The study of economics includes three important concepts: scarcity, choice, and opportunity cost. The main economic problem of the individual, business units and society is that there is … [Continue reading] about Economics: Principles, Theories, Models
Transportation refers to the movement of product from one location to another. Products manufactured by companies are rarely produced and consumed in the same location. Hence transportation plays an important factor. Key Learnings: Align … [Continue reading] about Transportation in Supply Chain: Concepts & Theories
Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) is a mathematical formula to calculate the optimal order quantity to minimize total inventory costs. Benefits of EOQ (Managerial Implications) Economic Lot Size (ELS), also known as Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), … [Continue reading] about Economic Order Quantity (EOQ): Benefits & Calculation
The bullwhip effect is a concept of inventory fluctuations or inefficient asset allocation as a result of demand changes as you move further up the supply chain. As such, upstream manufacturers often experience a decrease in forecast accuracy as … [Continue reading] about The Bullwhip Effect: Meaning and Example
Managerial Economics (or Business Economics) involves the application of economic theory and decision science tools to solve managerial decision problems, and to examine how an organization can achieve its aims or objectives most … [Continue reading] about Managerial Economics: Theories & Concepts
Capital structure refers to the composition of a firm's capital that is used to fund its operations and growth; it comprises of debt and equity, which may be in different proportions. Businesses need capital to manage their operations and to support … [Continue reading] about Capital Structure & Sources of Funds: Concepts, Theories and Examples
India's Adani group is involved in mining the Carmichael coal mine in Queensland in Australia to produce and export coal. Coal is easier to transport and also helps to generate electricity cheaper, and Adani plans to export coal to various countries … [Continue reading] about Adani’s Carmichael Coal Mine and Rail Project in Australia: Case Study
Toy industry Analysis & Characteristics. The end-users of Toys might be children but it’s actually a very big business over the world. One can find a wide category of toys in the market and there are always more that are waiting to be introduced … [Continue reading] about Toy Industry Analysis, Characteristics & Trends
Barbie 1 movie achieved remarkable success at the box office, surpassing initial predictions and breaking records for the year for its global earnings. The Barbie 1 movie launch had significant successes but also had potential shortcomings and … [Continue reading] about Barbie Marketing Case Study: Key Campaign Secrets Decoded
Omnichannel retailing is a business strategy of providing customers with a seamless experience by enabling them to interact with the brand using various channels, including offline as well as online channels. Omni-channel retailing refers to the … [Continue reading] about Omni-Channel Retailing & Online Sales: Concepts & Theories
Learn about key strategies and best practices for effective inventory management to optimize stock levels, reduce costs, and improve business efficiency. In this article, we will understand the purpose of inventory, characterize the inventory … [Continue reading] about Inventory Management: Methods, Techniques, Theories
Age, gender, ethnicity, race, marital status, religious belief, sexual identity, and economic status are factors that contribute to diversity. Managing Diversity is a strategy for developing and sustaining a positive workplace culture in which … [Continue reading] about Workplace Diversity: Theories
The principles of management encompasses concepts and practices related to effective management within organizations. For example, Henri Fayol's fourteen principles of management lists guidelines for division of work, unity of command, equity, etc. … [Continue reading] about Principles of Management
McDonald is a very well-known brand and is considered as the master of fast-food service. One of the main reasons for the success of McDonald's is its careful design of the fast-service system. You can expect the same quality of product and service … [Continue reading] about Management Practices at McDonald’s: Case study
The Experience Economy recognises the significant importance of experiences in shaping individuals' perceptions making businesses create compelling experiences for their customers. In the previous service economy, companies simply wrapped … [Continue reading] about The Experience Economy: Concepts
Strategies adopted by Airbnb to succeed such as use of technology to become big (without investing in real estate), competing with 5-star hotels. INTRODUCTION What is Airbnb? Airbnb operates an online marketplace and hospitality service for people … [Continue reading] about Airbnb: Case Study
Best Research books and resources. Refer these to improve your understanding of research before undertaking Business Analysis Projects. Blaxter, L. (2010) How to research. Tight & Christina. Hughes (eds.). Maidenhead, England :, McGraw-Hill/Open … [Continue reading] about Research: Books and Resources
Corporate governance is important to maintain the stability and integrity of companies as it promotes trust in the business environment. Studies suggest that there is a positive relationship between Corporate Governance and shareholders value. … [Continue reading] about Corporate Governance: Theories, Definition, Examples
Agency Theory is the framework that explains the relationship between business principal and their agents. and Agency Problem is a specific issue that can arise within that framework. What is the Agency Theory? Agency Theory is a framework that … [Continue reading] about Agency Theory & Agency Problem Explained
A diverse board can promote transparency, ethical behavior, and responsible decision-making. The need for better corporate governance is causing an increasing interest in board diversity, and it is now an important issue for managers, directors and … [Continue reading] about Board Diversity: Diversifying the board for better governance
Psychic Distance is an often discussed theme in internationalization of firms. Psychic Distance refers to the differences in the business environment between the nation of origin (of a firm) and the foreign market. This is considered a one of the … [Continue reading] about Understanding Psychic Distance in Internationalization
Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner's "Seven Dimensions of Culture" model offers useful insights for managing cross-cultural interactions in both professional and personal settings. It explains national cultural differences in organizations and ways to … [Continue reading] about Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner’s Seven Dimensions of Culture
Some newer firms are not gradually approaching global markets but they are jumping directly into global markets. Such firms are termed 'Born Globals'. The Born Global Model is a business strategy in which a company engages in international business … [Continue reading] about The Born global model of Internationalization
The Uppsala model of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is a theory that explains the internationalization process of firms. The model argues that firms invest in countries which are similar to their home countries. During the 1970’s a number of … [Continue reading] about The Uppsala Internationalization Model
The electric paradigm (OLI) remains the most dominant theory to explain the activities of Multinational Enterprises (MNEs). Developed by Dunning, the OLI model explains that the choice of market selection depends on three economic advantages known as … [Continue reading] about Dunning’s Eclectic Paradigm (OLI Framework) Explained
Stakeholders are individuals or groups that depend on an organisation to fulfill their own goals and on whom, in turn, the organisation depends. A stakeholder is anyone that has an interest in a business; these can be in the form of customers, … [Continue reading] about Who is a Stakeholder? Definition and Examples
Resource Dependence Theory (RDT) is a framework that suggests that firms are not self-sufficient entities but are instead reliant on various resources in their environment for survival. These resources include capital, raw materials, technology, … [Continue reading] about Resource Dependence Theory Explained
Learn about brand identity and strategies for building a strong brand identity. What is Brand Identity? Similar to how individuals have personalities which make them unique, brands also have identities which give them distinct characteristics. "A … [Continue reading] about Understanding Brand Identity and its elements
The Aaker model is a comprehensive guide on how to build brand identity. The model provides several ideas and paths for developing a brand identity and provides more charity to firms on what they should emphasize. Purpose of Aaker Model Compared to … [Continue reading] about Aaker’s Brand Identity Planning Model
Learn about the concept of brand extension, including line and category extensions. Understand the advantages and disadvantages of brand extension, and the factors that contribute to successful brand extension. Brand Extensions What is Brand … [Continue reading] about Brand Extension Strategy Explained: Types and Examples
Brand Equity is generally defined in terms of marketing effects uniquely attributable to a brand. Brand equity represents the total value that accrues to a product as a result of a company's cumulative investments in the marketing of the … [Continue reading] about What is Brand Equity?
A brand is much more than a name or a logo, and represents the full 'personality’ of the company. Here we understand the concept of brand, its elements, and the advantages it offers. Importance of a Brand Businesses that invest in and sustain … [Continue reading] about Brand and Brand Elements
When discussing a Multinational Corporation (MNC), terms like Multinational Enterprise (MNE) and Transnational Corporation (TNC) are also commonly used. While they are all involved in international operations, there are some distinctions between … [Continue reading] about Understanding a Multinational Corporation (MNC)
The stakeholder theory, put forward by Edward Freeman, links to corporate social responsibility but the main difference is that it starts from the world's perspective rather than starting from a business perspective. It takes into account benefits of … [Continue reading] about Stakeholder Theory Explained
The customer loyalty ladder is a hierarchical model that enables businesses to classify customers based on their relationship and level of engagement with the business. It is a valuable tool to understand and nurture customer relationships that helps … [Continue reading] about Customer Loyalty Ladder: Importance, Strategies for Building Loyalty
SERVQUAL is a widely used framework for assessing and measuring service quality in various industries and settings. SERVQUAL is based on the premise that customers' perceptions of service quality are shaped by their expectations and the actual … [Continue reading] about SERVQUAL Model of Service Quality Explained
Not all customers are alike; they differ in their real profitability. Marketing is the art of attracting and keeping profitable customers. It involves making use of the 80– 20 rule, and in extreme cases see the most profitable 20 percent of … [Continue reading] about Customer Profitability Analysis: CLV and other metrics explained
Customer Acquisition and Customer Retention are two essential strategies in marketing that focus on acquiring new customers and retaining existing ones. Customer lifecycle management (CLM) involves measuring various customer related metrics, which, … [Continue reading] about Customer Acquisition & Retention Strategies
Data management for Customer Relationship Management (CRM) involves the organized collection, storage, and utilization of customer-related information. It ensures accurate and timely access to customer details, enabling businesses to make informed … [Continue reading] about Data Management for CRM: CDI best practices and strategies
eCRM (electronic way of customer relationship management) uses social media, forums, and other channels to track customer engagement with the business. For decades organizations did all the talking but Social Media allows two way dialogue and allows … [Continue reading] about eCRM: Benefits, Features, Components
Relationship marketing is a connection between equal partners, characterized by trust, commitment, communication, and sharing, which results in the mutual achievement of goals. It is basically interaction in networks of relationships. Relationships … [Continue reading] about What is Relationship Marketing? Definition, Benefits and Examples.
Francis Buttle's Customer Value Chain outlines the stages involved in creating customer value and building profitable customer relationships within the context of customer relationship management (CRM). Customer Value Chain provides a systematic … [Continue reading] about Customer Value Chain
Customer value is the customer’s evaluation of the difference between all the benefits and all the costs of a market offering relative to those of competing offers (Kotler et al. 2008). Image adapted from Kotler and Keller (2016). In traditional … [Continue reading] about Customer Value and Customer Perceived Value (CPV)
Organization behaviour involves the study of people, teams and culture within an organization, how they interact and how it impacts the business operations. Good understanding of organizational behavior is important for organization success as it … [Continue reading] about Organizational Behaviour: Theories with Examples